Journal of Counseling Research

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Aim: The present research was aimed to determine the relationship between normal and neurotic perfectionism, and self-handicapping and its subscales (negative mood, effort, and excuse-making) among male university students. Method: The method of the current research was descriptive-correlational. Total of 350 male post-graduate students from University of Tehran were selected by cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Jones & Rhodewalt Self-Handicapping Scale (1982) and the Terry-Short, Owens, Slade, and Dewey's Perfectionism Scale (1995). The collected data was analyzed through Pearson linear correlation and linear regression analysis. Results: Normal perfectionism showed a significant negative correlation with self-handicapping and components of negative mood and excuse-making, and there was a positive and significant relationship between normal perfectionism and the effort component. On the other hand, neurotic perfectionism had a significant negative relationship with self-handicapping and components of negative mood and excuse-making, but it showed no significant relationship with the component of effort. Also, normal and neurotic perfectionism concurrently showed the most prediction power for negative mood, the total self-handicapping, excuse-making, and effort, respectively. Conclusions: With increase in students' scores in domain of normal perfectionism, their self-handicapping behaviors seems to decrease, while an increase in their neurotic perfectionism scores appears to correlate with increased self-handicapping behaviors. It is also possible to directly predict the students' self-handicapping through normal and neurotic dimensions of perfectionism.

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Introduction: Given that the internet addiction affects different aspects of human life, adolescents among different age groups are most vulnerable because of internet's allure and special characteristics of their age. So, the aim of this study was to predict of internet addiction based on perceived social support and father bonding.
Method: In this study, among all students of Shiraz high schools,187 students (107 boy and 80 girl) were chosen by multistage cluster sampling, and they were asked to fill Young’s internet addiction test, Zimet’s perceived social support and Parker’s parental bonding (with father) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 whit step by step statistical regression test, independent T- test and Central and dispersion indexes.
Finding: the results of regression analyses showed that father bonding and the subscale of friends from perceived social support didn’t predict internet addiction, but the subscale of family (β=-0.28, ρ<0.01) and important person (β=0.19, ρ<0.01) predicted internet addiction. And finally Based on independent T-Test there wasn’t any significant differences between girls and boys in the use of the internet.
Results: this study indicated that family and important people’s support are very important for prevention of internet addiction in teen girls and boys.
 

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Aim: This study was to examine the effectiveness of education for parent with Adlerian approach in reducing feeling of guilt and improving psychological well-being in children with depression. The method of this research was quasi experimental with pre-test/post-test design, with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all sixth-grade students in elementary school of Kamyaran, Kurdistan, Iran during the academic year 2017-2018. Using randomized cluster sampling, two schools (for boys and girls)  were selected and 60 parents whose children showed signs of depression were placed into experimental and control groups. The experimental group went through 8 ninety-minute sessions of parent education with Adlerian approach. In both groups, parents’ children answered two questionnaires that were designed based on Ryff’s psychological well-being scales (2002) and Izonk’s guilt and shame scales (2007). The data was analyzed with mixed-design analysis of variance. Accordingly, the findings have shown that the average scores of post-test and follow-up of the feelings of guilt for students in theexperimental group decreased and their psychological well-being improved significantly. Therefore, parent education that employs Adlerian approach has been effective in decreasing guilt in depressed children and improving their psychological well-being
 

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Aim: The goal for this research was to assess the effectiveness of the two approaches in couples therapy, one being based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and the other being Imago therapy (IRT), on couple’s sexual intimacy. Methods: Quasi-experimental method with pre and post-test and control group were used. Total of 45 couples from among those who used counseling centers in city of Kermanshah during the year 2019 participated voluntarily in this research. They were randomly assigned to three 15-couple groups of ACT, Imago Therapy, and control. Eight 90-minute sessions were conducted using ACT with one group and Imago Therapy with another group. Data was collected using sexual intimacy questionnaire that was adapted from Enrich scale. Findings: Covariance analysis showed (p>0.05) couples therapy based on ACT and Imago Therapy techniques were effective in improving sexual intimacy in couples. These findings showed utilizing techniques in ACT-based couples therapy, cause psychological acceptance about mental experiences and decrease ineffective controlling behaviors.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Bowenian family therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on the difficulty in regulating the emotion of mothers with one child. Methods: This was a descriptive quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with only one child of preschool age in Kermanshah kindergartens in 2019. A total of 45 people were selected through convenience sampling and 15 people were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Data were collected in the pretest-posttest stages with a scale of difficulty in emotion regulation (Grotz and Roemer, 2004). After pre-testing, members of the two experimental groups participated separately in eight 1.5-hour weekly sessions of Bowenian family therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of analysis of covariance showed that the effect of Bowenian family therapy and the effect of acceptance and commitment based therapy on difficulty in emotion regulation in individuals is significant (P<0.05). Also, differences in the two treatment groups for the dimensions of emotional rejection, difficulty in performing behavior, difficulty in controlling impulse, lack of emotional awareness, limited access, and lack of clarity, respectively, the amount of F statistic; 4.771, 4.461, 3.524, 3.399 and 5.720 with significant levels were 0.026, 0.005, 0.011, 0.001, 0.003 and 0.009, respectively. The results of Bowenian test showed that due to the size of the differences, the effectiveness of acceptance-based and commitment-based therapy in combining with other interventions on the difficulty of emotion regulation and its related components was higher (P <0.05). Conclusion: Psychologists, when faced with problems of mother-child interaction, evaluate the mother in terms of the level of cognitive emotion regulation and other psychological variables affecting emotion regulation and use effective treatment methods if there is a problem.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the fit of the model of structural relationship between parent-adolescent conflict with emotional dysregulation with the mediating role of loneliness in adolescents in Tehran. Method: The statistical population of the study included adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in Tehran. Using available sampling method, 400 people (200 female adolescents and 200 male adolescents) were selected as a sample and used the Asadi and Younesi adolescent parent conflict questionnaire (1390), Russell (1996) revised feelings of loneliness, and Graz and Romer (2004) responded to emotional dysregulation. Structural equation model was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and emotion dysregulation (p <0.05). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between parent-adolescent conflict with emotional dysregulation with the mediating role of loneliness (p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on research findings, it can be concluded that feeling lonely with the occurrence of emotions such as depression, anxiety, fatigue can play a mediating role between parent-adolescent conflict and emotion disorder.